FSUFILM Handbook

Category: F3

  • Toolkit For Directing Actors

    Overview

    This resource provides approaches, techniques, terminology, and communication strategies that directors may use when working with actors during rehearsals and production.

    Directing actors requires more than simply communicating blocking or line readings; it depends heavily on trust, collaboration, emotional clarity, and effective creative communication. Developing stronger actor-director communication skills helps productions create more nuanced performances while supporting healthier and more productive collaborative environments on set.

    Action Verbs

    An action verb is transitive and requires an object. It is something you do to someone or something else; “to be” is never an action verb. This list is a starting off point for you to develop your own list of action verbs.

    to accuse
    to admire
    to admonish
    to adore
    to amuse
    to annoy
    to apologize
    to appease
    to applaud
    to attack
    to avoid
    to bask
    to beg
    to belittle
    to bestow
    to boast
    to brag
    to brood
    to brush off
    to buddy up
    to butter up
    to cajole
    to caress
    to celebrate
    to challenge
    to charm
    to check out
    to coax
    to comfort
    to command
    to confess
    to confide
    to confront
    to congratulate
    to convince
    to cuddle
    to defend
    to deify
    to demand
    to destroy
    to dis
    to discard
    to discover    		to dismiss
    to distract
    to elicit
    to embrace
    to entertain
    to entice
    to erupt
    to escape
    to examine
    to explode
    to exult
    to flatter
    to flaunt
    to flee
    to flirt
    to gloat
    to grieve
    to hide
    to idolize
    to ignore
    to impress
    to incite
    to inspect
    to instruct
    to invade
    to invite
    to lead
    to lure
    to manipulate
    to mimic
    to mock
    to mother
    to mourn
    to ogle
    to overpower
    to patronize
    to perform
    to persuade
    to pester
    to plead
    to ponder
    to pounce
    to preen    		to prepare
    to primp
    to probe
    to protect
    to provoke
    to put down
    to question
    to reach out
    to reason with
    to reject
    to rescue
    to retreat
    to ridicule
    to savor
    to scold
    to scrutinize
    to search
    to seduce
    to seethe
    to shock
    to show off
    to sneak
    to soothe
    to stalk
    to startle
    to strut
    to surrender
    to tantalize
    to taunt
    to teach
    to tease
    to tempt
    to test
    to threaten
    to toss off
    to triumph
    to ward off
    to warn
    to welcome
    to withdraw
    to worship
    to yearn

    Refer to Marina Calderone’s Actions: The Actor’s Thesaurus (book/app) for more examples.

    Other Directing Strategies

    Acceptable directions for actors that are not clarifying a beat objective through the use of an active verb include:

    1. Do this scene AS IF you are __________ (e.g., in a funeral procession, on the floor of the stock market, at a prayer meeting, in a bread line, in front of a firing squad, etc.) Events are dynamic and spur the imagination, and actors’ imaginations are the best tools they have. Ask an actor to use “the magic if” and to find an event or relationship from their own lives they can connect to the character or situation imaginatively and emotionally. It is not necessary that you know it or that they share it with you.
    2. Asking the WHO, WHAT, WHERE, WHY, HOW, and WHEN questions. These questions clarify the circumstances, the super-, scene- and beat-objectives, the motivations, and the strategies of the character in an easy-to-understand format.
    3. Directing the actor to “Keep it simple,” “Think it, don’t show it,” or “Listen to them. Really listen.”
    4. Use FACTS. Facts are objective and help to clarify circumstances.
    5. Use SENSORY IMAGES (sight, sound, feel, taste, smell). Images allow the actor to use recall to make a situation real to them.
    6. Use PHYSICAL TASKS. Physical tasks are kinetic (energy in motion) and allow the actor to create a multi-layered approach as well as provide focus.
    7. THE MOMENT BEFORE. What just happened before this scene takes place? How does that impact what is about to take place?

    Avoid

    1. Avoid asking for moods or results from an actor. Instead, clarify objectives and give active verbs to work with.
    2. Avoid asking an actor to “bring it up.” Instead examine whether the stakes are high enough to motivate the behavior, and if not, raise them or use the “as if” scenario.
    3. Avoid asking an actor to “bring it down.” Instead ask them to listen to their partner and not anticipate what is coming next or to keep it simple and respond truthfully.
    4. Avoid giving line readings to an actor. Remember, the line is unimportant. The motivation for the line is important. Make sure the actor is clear on what the motivation and objective is for the line and ask them to only think of that.
    5. Avoid telling an actor how their character should be feeling or give character judgments. Remember, all characters’ actions are justified to them, even and especially, “villains”!
    6. Avoid using adjectives or adverbs when giving directions. Always use VERBS!

  • Animal Use

    Overview

    The safety of working animals and the persons working on such productions shall be of primary concern. This page outlines the policies, approval procedures, and safety expectations governing the use of animals in student productions.

    Animals introduce additional safety, welfare, liability, and logistical considerations that require careful planning and oversight before filming can take place. Clear procedures help productions protect both the animal and the crew while ensuring that productions approach animal-related filming responsibly and within school guidelines.

    FSU Animal Care and Use Committee

    Producers are required by Florida State University policies to file a request for review of animal use by the Animal Care and Use Committee (ACUC).

    This request must be submitted well in advance of the start of the production, as it will usually take a number of weeks for a request to be approved. If a production does not receive approval from the ACUC in time for production, the use of an animal is not permitted.

    Animal Wrangling

    Animals are unpredictable and only qualified professional trainers and/or wranglers should be allowed to work with animals on productions. Defer to the animal trainers at all times and do not feed, pet, or play with any animal without the permission and direct supervision of its trainer.

    For more information on this topic, please refer to the American Humane Association’s Guidelines for the Safe Use of Animals in Filmed Media.

    Communication of safety information

    1. Notice shall be given prior to shooting, on the call sheet and safety bulletin, that animals are working.
    2. It is the responsibility of the trainer to convey to the cast and crew specific safety concerns relative to the animals being used. The trainer shall address the cast and crew (including the parent and/or guardian of any children on the set) regarding safety precautions while animals are on the set (e.g., maintain a safe distance from wild and exotic animals, no feeding, no running, escape routes, etc.)
    3. A “closed set” notice should be posted on all stages where animals are working and every effort should be made to maintain a closed set where animals are working on location.

    Equipment safeguards

    1. An easily accessible area shall be available for loading and unloading animals.
    2. Equipment operated in conjunction with working animals should be in a safe operating condition as determined by the trainer and/or wrangler in conjunction with the property master.
    3. Scenery and props should be secured. Objects (e.g., ladders, pedestals, etc.) that easily tip over can startle the animals.
    4. All hitch rails shall be fastened in the ground in such a manner that the tugging of a frightened horse cannot pull them loose (e.g., sleeve installation). On a stage, hitch rails will be bolted or fastened in a rigid manner.
    5. Basic animal safety equipment such as fire extinguishers, fire hoses and nets should be readily available. An easily accessible area shall be available for loading and unloading animals.
    6. The smell of alcohol has a disquieting effect on animals. All precautions shall be taken in that regard when animals are working.

    Medical safeguards

    1. The trainer or person supplying the animal shall be responsible for obtaining all necessary inoculations, permits, licenses, and medical safeguards.
    2. Depending on the types of animals being used, and the filming location, consideration should be given to providing onsite emergency medical transportation, with qualified medical personnel, up to and including advanced life support, as necessary.
    3. Extreme caution should be taken when using exotic venomous reptiles. The proper antidote (anti-venom) should be selected depending upon the type of reptile. Location of the antidote shall be predetermined and printed on the call sheet.
    4. The American Humane Association (AHA) guidelines on the treatment of animals used in film making state that a tranquilization and/or sedation on set for the sole purpose of film making is prohibited. As a safety backup, consideration should be given to the availability of tranquilizing equipment. Potentially dangerous or complicated animal action should warrant the presence of a qualified veterinarian.
    5. The smell of alcohol has a disquieting effect on animals. All precautions shall be taken in that regard when animals are working.

    Large animals

    1. Under no circumstances should horse falls be accomplished by tripping or pitfalls.
    2. Horses being used on a production shall be properly shod for the working surface (e.g., borium, rubber shoes, etc.).
    3. There should be two handlers for each large undomesticated animal such as a large cat or carnivore (mountain lion or larger).

    Safety bulletins

    The Industry-Wide Labor-Management Safety Committee provides the following safety bulletins related to animal use:

    6Animal Handling Rules for the Motion Picture Industry
    12Guidelines for the Use of Venomous Reptiles
    31Safety Awareness When Working Around Indigenous Wildlife

    Download the relevant bulletins for your production here.

  • Weapons

    Overview

    The use of weapons requires the utmost attention to safety protocols and special clearances from the Head of Production (HOP) and the local police. This page outlines the policies, approval procedures, and safety requirements governing the use of prop firearms or other weapons in student productions.

    Weapons-related activity introduces significant safety, liability, public communication, and operational concerns that require careful oversight and planning. Strict procedures help productions reduce unnecessary risk, communicate clearly with faculty and staff, and maintain safer working environments for cast, crew, and the surrounding community.

    Limitations on Use

    When prop weapons are used, it involves a substantial amount of extra time and planning to ensure the safety of everyone on set.

    For these reasons, the use of prop weapons is only permitted on advanced-level projects — F3, FC, M2, M3, MC — where students have sufficient time and training to acquire a weapon use authorization and coordinate the production safely.

    Prop weapons are not permitted on F1 and M1 projects, or for class homework assignments.

    Important Guidelines

    Treat all weapons as though they are loaded and/or ready to use. Do not play with weapons and never point one at anyone, including yourself. Follow the directions of the Property Master and/or Weapons Handler regarding all weapons.

    The use of firearms and other weapons may require special permits and/or operator certifications. Anyone that will be using a weapon shall know all the operating features and safety devices. All weapons must undergo thorough safety inspection, testing and cleaning on a daily basis by qualified personnel.

    Anyone handling a weapon shall receive the proper training and know all operating features and safety devices.

    If weapons are used in filming, the designated Weapons Handler must meet with cast and crew and inform them of the safety precautions in effect and answer any questions. Specific safety bulletins for the type of weapon being used must also be attached to call sheets.

    Prop Weapons Protocol

    If you are planning on using prop weapons (handgun, shotgun, rifle, etc.), you must follow this protocol:

    1. Complete the weapon authorization request form.
    2. Send the completed form to the HOP for review. The HOP will either require changes or will provide authorization for you to go to the next step.
    3. Using one of the email templates for weapons notifications, email the following people about the project (and include the authorization request):
      • If filming in the City of Tallahassee: Sgt. Jon Schulze of the Tallahassee PD at jonathonschulze@talgov.com. If filming outside the city, you’ll need to find the contact information for the police or sheriff’s department that has jurisdiction over the location where you plan to film.
      • Lieutenant Edwin Jacob of the FSU PD at ejacob@fsu.edu (even if you’re filming outside city limits).
      • The HOP for your program. BFA: jstone@fsu.edu. MFA: tciarlariello@admin.fsu.edu.
    4. Once you have made contact with the local jurisdiction and received a response, the approval process will be determined. The PD approval may be in the form of an email. If so, you are to save a copy of the email as a PDF and include it with the Authorization Request when submitting delivery.

    If you are using a weapon such as a knife or other potentially dangerous or hazardous prop, the process may be the same, but contact the HOP directly to discuss next steps.

    On the Day of Filming

    1. Announce weapon use at the top of the day safety meeting, and again when the new deal / set up for the scene involving the weapon begins.
    2. If filming within Leon County (regardless of PD or Sheriff Jurisdiction): 30 minutes prior to camera roll on any scene involving the weapon, you must always call the CDA (Tallahassee Leon County Consolidated Dispatch Agency) at 850-606-5800. This is to inform them that the scene is about to be filmed. This must only be done when you are sure of the filming schedule. If you are filming close to campus (within a three-mile radius) please also call the FSU Non-Emergency line at 850-644-1234, and let them know you’re about to film.
    3. If filming outside Leon County, follow the guidelines provided by the authorizing agency, which should include contacting their local dispatch or non-emergency numbers. But you should plan to ask and find out what their process is.
    4. This process should be followed whether you’re filming in a public location or a private location, and whether filming indoors or outdoors.

    Safety bulletins

    The Industry-Wide Labor-Management Safety Committee provides the following safety bulletins related to weapons:

    1Recommendations For The Use Of Firearms, Blanks, And Dummy Rounds
    2Prohibitions And Special Restrictions On The Use Of Live Ammunition
    30Recommended Guidelines for Safely Working with Edged, Piercing, and Projectile Props

    Download the relevant bulletins for your production here.

  • Water Hazards

    Overview

    This page outlines the safety procedures, approval requirements, and production considerations associated with filming around water or in environments involving water-related hazards. The procedures are recommended for all water work, including, but not limited to ponds, rivers, lakes, swamps, bogs, oceans, pools, and tanks, or any other unduly wet work environment.

    Water environments can introduce serious safety risks related to drowning, slipping, electrical hazards, environmental exposure, weather conditions, and equipment operation. Careful planning and oversight help productions identify hazards early, implement appropriate safety measures, and conduct filming more responsibly.

    Identification of potential contaminants or hazards

    Know as much as you can about the body of water you’re working on or in, including its natural hazards and animal life. The Production Company, Location Manager or the Safety Coordinator should have all relevant information.

    The Producer should identify and make known prior to actual filming, all available knowledge regarding currents and natural or man-made hazards, including sub-surface objects, underwater life, and contamination. Upstream activities, such as dams, waste disposal sites, agriculture, chemical plant dumping sites, flash flood dangers, etc. should also be evaluated. If a potential safety hazard is found to exist, the Producer should take appropriate steps to mitigate the hazard.

    Prior to personnel entering a body of water, a determination should be made that the water quality meets the applicable regulatory standards for recreational full body contact. Samples of the water should be taken and analyzed for any potential environmental concerns and/or health hazards. If it is determined that a body of water is contaminated or hazardous, the contamination or hazard should be neutralized or the site shall be avoided. 

    Extreme care should be taken regarding dangerous marine life, including reptiles.

    All personnel should be advised to keep all potential contaminants away from the water, including paints, thinners, repellents, gasoline, oils, etc.

    Notifying and protecting personnel

    All personnel scheduled for water work shall be notified in advance via the Call Sheet. Personnel who are uncomfortable working in or around water should notify their supervisor prior to that day’s call.

    All personnel working in or around water shall be provided with the appropriate water safety devices, such as life vests or other water safety gear when appropriate. (See Safety Bulletin: Recommendations for Diving Operations.)

    When necessary, the Producer should implement a plan to account for personnel in the water, such as a “buddy” or a check in/check out system.

    The Producer should take steps to prevent hyperthermia (elevated body temperature) and hypothermia (reduced body temperature).

    Provisions for post-immersion washing should be available.

    Lighting and electricity

    Special care must be used whether AC or DC electricity is used in or around water. All electrical cables and lights in close proximity to water shall be properly secured to prevent tipping and falling. All wiring, electrical equipment and devices that will, or may be, subject to a submerged condition should be approved for underwater use, be watertight, have no exposed live connections and be constructed such that there is no shock hazard under any likely conditions of use. All applicable provisions of the National Electric Code should be followed. Local regulations may be more restrictive and should be consulted.

    When lighting, electrical distribution, or any electrically powered equipment is used in close proximity to water or can make contact with water, the use of GFCI should be evaluated by a qualified person. This includes all areas where water hazards exist. When persons, wardrobe, props, or equipment are wet, the need for GFCI protection should be evaluated.GFCIs should not be used on circuits where removal of power may create a greater hazard, such as airbags, decelerators, emergency egress lighting, etc.

    All electrical connections should be made by, or under the supervision of, a qualified person.

    Other considerations

    Safety lines, nets, watch safety personnel and/or divers should be used when filming in rivers or other bodies of water where potentially hazardous conditions could exist (e.g., swift currents, thick underwater plant life, or rocks).

    When necessary for personnel to work in fast-moving rivers, downstream safety pickup personnel and safety equipment should be stationed for downstream emergency rescue.

    When using watercraft, be aware of load and rider capacity limits. Only required personnel should be on watercraft; all others should remain on land. (See Safety Bulletin: Guidelines for Boating/Watercraft Safety.)

    Safety bulletins

    The Industry-Wide Labor-Management Safety Committee provides the following safety bulletins related to water hazards:

    7Recommendations For Diving Operations
    15Guidelines for Boating/Watercraft Safety for Film Crews
    17Water Hazards

    Download the relevant bulletins for your production here.

  • Stunts and Special Effects

    Overview

    This page outlines the approval procedures, safety expectations, and operational requirements governing stunts, practical effects, atmospheric effects, and other special effects-related production activity.

    Stunts and special effects can introduce elevated physical, technical, environmental, and safety risks that require careful planning and oversight before filming takes place. Clear procedures help productions evaluate risks appropriately, coordinate necessary safety measures, and maintain safer working conditions for cast and crew during complex activity.

    Approvals

    All stunts and special effects must be reviewed by all participants and must be approved by faculty prior to execution to help ensure that they are performed in the safest manner possible. It is the Producer’s responsibility to make sure that the faculty has fully approved any such activities prior to the start of shooting, and any production plans that involve stunts or special effects must be described in detail at the show’s Director’s Prep.

    This includes, but is not limited to:

    • any form of running, jumping, climbing, balancing, or falling actions that are required of actors or stunt personnel;
    • any fight scenes;
    • any use of real or prop weapons;
    • any use of edged or piercing props;
    • any scenes involving the driving of vehicles;
    • any operation of potentially dangerous equipment;
    • any scenes involving animals;
    • any use of pyrotechnics, explosives, squibs, or fire;
    • any scenes involving potential water hazards;
    • any scenes involving potentially hazardous materials.

    Stunt coordination

    A qualified stunt coordinator must be in charge of all aspects of a physical stunt, including script review, planning, site selection, preparation, testing, rehearsal, modification, and recommendation of the qualified personnel and equipment to be utilized to perform the stunt.

    When a Producer requires a performer to perform a stunt or stunt-related activity, an individual qualified by training and/or experience in planning, setting up, and/or performance of the type of stunt involved must be engaged and present on the set. No performer without the requisite training and/or experience shall be required to perform a stunt or stunt-related activity without an opportunity for prior consultation by the performer with such qualified individual. A performer must consent to participation in the stunt prior to its performance.

    Advance notice is to be given to stunt personnel in order to plan a safe stunt. If changes are made to these plans, the Producer is to provide sufficient time to safely accommodate the changes and obtain faculty approval for the changes.

    An on-site safety meeting, including all participants and others involved, must precede the performance of all stunts. This meeting must be documented and must include a “walk-through” or “dry-run” with the stunt coordinator and/or effects people. An understanding of the intended action, possible deviations, and authority to abort should be made clear. Before rolling cameras, should any substantive change become necessary, the First Assistant Director will again call all persons involved in the stunt to another meeting to confirm everyone’s understanding and agreement to said change(s), and faculty approval must again be obtained.

    Under no circumstances should a stunt or special effect be improvised on set without prior faculty approval. Failing to adhere to this policy may result in immediate dismissal from the College of the Producer and any other students deemed responsible for the violation.

    Appropriate Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) and/or other safety equipment must be provided to the cast and crew as needed. Wardrobe, hair, and make-up should be presented in sufficient time to determine if such items will impact the execution of the stunt. Final safety approval rests with the stunt coordinator and/or qualified individual.

    The stunt coordinator and/or qualified individual shall determine whether safety requires the exclusion of non-essential crew from the stunt area. Perimeter control should be established and maintained. Traffic control procedures shall be reviewed, and special attention should be paid to driving sequences where unauthorized personnel could enter the area. The stunt coordinator and/or qualified individual should be involved in safe placement of cameras, camera operators and all essential crew. There must be a planned escape route and each person involved should personally check all escape routes.

    Pyrotechnics, explosives, and fire

    Special effects involving pyrotechnics, explosives and/or fire must be noted in advance on the call sheet. Properly licensed individuals must perform all such effects. The necessary permits must be obtained and the appropriate regulatory agencies notified. Explosives must be stored and disposed of properly.

    Radios, cell phones, personal electronic devices, transmitting equipment, and remote control equipment should not be used around pyrotechnic or other explosive devices.

    Safety bulletins

    The Industry-Wide Labor-Management Safety Committee provides the following safety bulletins related to stunts and special effects:

    4Stunts
    4ASpecialized Activities
    14Parachuting and Skydiving
    16Recommended Guidelines for Safety with Pyrotechnic Special Effects
    18Guidelines for Safe Use of Stunt Air Bags, Boxes or Other Freefall Catch Systems
    19Recommended Guidelines for the Use of Open Flame on Production

    Download the relevant bulletins for your production here.

  • Electrical Safety

    Overview

    Film productions frequently rely on lighting systems, power distribution, generators, cabling, and electrical equipment that can create serious hazards if handled improperly. This page outlines the safety procedures and operational expectations governing electrical work and power usage during production activities.

    Electrical safety practices are essential because improper equipment handling can result in injury, fire, equipment damage, or unsafe working conditions for the crew. Clear safety standards help productions work more responsibly while reinforcing professional expectations related to training, communication, and on-set safety awareness.

    General safeguards

    1. All electrical systems and electrically energized equipment are potentially hazardous, whether Alternating Current (AC) or Direct Current (DC), whether 50 volts, 120 volts or higher. Therefore, electrical equipment should only be used for its intended purpose and only qualified personnel with the appropriate technical knowledge should perform electrical work.
    2. Properly maintain all electrical equipment and wiring. Visually inspect the condition of the plug, cable, and equipment for any signs of excess wear, frayed cables or exposed current-carrying parts. DO NOT USE any equipment that is damaged.
    3. Verify all equipment is in the OFF position prior to plugging or unplugging to avoid creating an arc at the receptacle. Wear protective gloves to avoid injury from a possible flash created by a short-circuit in the equipment.
    4. Do not pull on the cord when unplugging equipment. This can cause one or more of the wires to pull out of its termination in the plug. Always grasp the plug firmly to unplug.
    5. All persons working on or near energized electrical equipment shall wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) appropriate for the level of electrical hazard to which they are exposed. This PPE may include non-melting, long-sleeved shirts and long pants, or other Arc Rated (AR) clothing, and closed-toed, nonconductive-soled shoes and Safety Glasses. Garments made from synthetic materials not manufactured specifically for electrical work, such as polyester and nylon, are not suitable to protect from electrical hazards.

    Alternating Current and Direct Current

    1. When using both AC and DC systems in the same location, each system must be clearly identified as AC or DC. Always verify that you are not plugging AC equipment into DC systems or DC equipment into AC systems.
    2. All AC electrical systems shall be grounded. All grounded equipment should be tested for continuity between the ground pin on the plug and the metal parts of the equipment before it is put into service. In addition, all cables should be tested for continuity of the ground, neutral and phase conductor

    Connecting to house power (tie-in)

    1. Connecting to a premises/house electrical power source, such as a panel board or switchboard, can create the risk of a serious or fatal accident. Such connections shall only be made by a qualified person.
    2. Connecting to an energized system is strongly discouraged. Always consider exposed electrical parts to be energized until you have verified they have been de-energized and locked out/tagged out.
    3. Keep electric panels accessible at all times. There should be no obstructions or storage within three feet (3’) of a panel. Fuses should only be replaced by qualified personnel. When replacing a blown fuse, be sure to select a fuse of proper voltage, interrupting capacity, and amperage for the application.
    4. Prior to a qualified person connecting to a premises/house electrical power system, the following requirements, among others, must be adhered to:
      • Determine if the electrical system voltage is compatible with the equipment to which it will be connected.
      • Calculate the electrical panel’s existing maximum ampere load to determine if the remaining capacity is sufficient for the additional equipment being connected.
      • Use a properly sized circuit breaker or fusible disconnect switch to connect a distribution system to the premises/house electrical power system.
      • The rated interrupting capacity of the circuit breaker or fuses must meet the available interrupting capacity at the point of connection to the premises/house electrical power system.
      • Use only approved lugs or devices to connect to the panel bus.
      • Never use “Alligator” type clamps.
      • Never connect ahead of the main circuit breaker, fuse box, or meter.
      • If required, obtain a permit to remove a panel cover.
      • Use suitable barriers, partitions, or other means to limit access to the connection to protect against accidental contact with energized parts and unauthorized entry into the arc-flash boundary by unauthorized persons or objects.
      • Replacement of all panels, covers and screws must be done by a qualified person immediately after disconnecting from the premises/house electrical power system.

    Generators

    1. Only a qualified operator shall operate a generator. Approach to exposed connections on portable and vehicle mounted generators should be physically restricted or barricaded to non-qualified persons. 
    2. The generator should have as much open space as possible on all sides to allow maximum ventilation and minimum interference. Make sure exhaust fumes are ventilated away from enclosed areas, personnel, and air intake ducts, such as trailers and buildings. Be aware of hot surfaces when working around a generator. It is important that all generating sets be protected from the elements and from unauthorized access.
    3. A fire extinguisher specific for the generator unit must be present and readily accessible outside the generator enclosure. 

    Location and environmental considerations

    1. Cables and devices should be protected from water and from foot and vehicle traffic damage. Electrical distribution systems should be elevated in such a manner that they will not come in contact with running or standing water. When it is necessary to have electrical distribution systems and devices which come into contact with water, such systems shall be designed and listed for use in water.
    2. Remember that lights placed too closely to props, sets and other materials may pose a fire risk and, therefore, make sure that lights are placed far enough away to alleviate risk.
    3. Overhead clearances must be observed and maintained at all times. This applies to ladders, scaffolds, booms, forklifts, aerial lifts, scissor lifts, cranes, rigging, sets, truss work, backdrops and other equipment that could come in contact with power lines.
    4. To prevent electrocutions and injury resulting from contact between overhead power lines and conductive tools, materials, or scaffolds, OSHA recommends that employees be informed that most overhead, high voltage power lines are not insulated and, when in doubt, employees should assume that power lines are not insulated.
    5. Employers should notify the utility company when work must be performed under and/or near overhead power lines where clearances cannot be maintained. In such situations, utility companies should de-energize the power lines or temporarily move or cover them with insulating hoses or blankets before any work is initiated.

    Emergency Response

    1. If an electrical accident occurs, notify emergency medical personnel and activate the Emergency Action Plan.
    2. An Emergency Action Plan should include the following items:
      • Location, method and any necessary tools required for emergency power disconnection
      • Emergency Medical Services on hand or readily available with working means of contact
      • Exact location of where the work is being performed
      • Identification of CPR Trained Personnel
      • Location of available AEDs
    3. Do not approach any electrical accident until you have been notified by qualified personnel that it is safe to approach.
    4. Properly secure the accident area while maintaining a safe distance to prevent the possibility of additional victims.
    5. DO NOT touch or approach a victim of electric shock while he or she is being shocked. If safe to do so, turn off the power.
    6. Trained personnel should follow proper procedures for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (“CPR”) and Automated External Defibrillator (“AED”) use.
    7. Since the possible effects of electrical shock can manifest hours after the event, any victim of electric shock must be evaluated by a qualified medical professional.

    Safety bulletins

    The Industry-Wide Labor-Management Safety Committee provides the following safety bulletins related to electrical safety:

    23Guidelines for Working with Portable Power Distribution Systems and Other Electrical Equipment
    23APower Line Distance Requirements
    23BBasic Electrical Safety Precautions for Motion Picture and Television Off Studio Lot Location Productions
    23CWorking with 480 Volt Systems
    23DCommon Motion-Picture/Television Tasks and Associated Personal Protective Equipment
    23EGuidelines for Meeting National Electrical Code (NEC) Grounding Requirements for Portable Generators Supplying Portable Equipment in the Motion Picture and Television Industry

    Download the relevant bulletins for your production here.

  • Filming Equipment and Vehicles

    Overview

    Production activity often involves the use of vehicles, carts, trailers, lifts, moving equipment, and other mobile production systems during transportation and filming operations. This page outlines the safety expectations and operational guidelines associated with using production equipment and vehicles responsibly.

    Improper use of production vehicles or moving equipment can create significant risks for cast, crew, pedestrians, locations, and property. Careful safety procedures help productions reduce preventable accidents while supporting safer transportation practices, clearer communication, and more organized production operations.

    Important Guidelines

    All filming equipment and vehicles are potentially hazardous. Therefore, they should only be used for their intended purpose and only qualified personnel — who have obtained sufficient training from a qualified instructor — are permitted to operate filming equipment or filming vehicles. Operators and passengers of all vehicles should always use appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

    Be aware of load and rider capacities. Ratchet straps and/or ropes are the preferred method of securing loads and/or equipment. If using bungees, rubber snubbers, or other elastic devices, ensure they are not frayed, worn, damaged, or cracked, or have damaged hooking devices. Uncontrolled release can cause severe injuries to unprotected body parts, particularly to the face or eyes.

    Be particularly cautious when driving, walking or traveling; proceed slowly and watch for sudden movements of objects or individuals. Be especially careful when working around helicopters or on runways. Remain at least 50 feet away from helicopters or other aircraft unless directed by the Aerial Coordinator and/or Pilot in Command or ground safety contact. Under no circumstances should you approach the helicopter or aircraft without permission from the ground safety contact or the Pilot in Command. Whether the rotors are turning or not, always approach and leave the helicopter from the front; never walk near or around the tail rotor.

    The use of aircraft, boats, trains or cars may require special permits and/or operator certifications. All vehicles, including their peripheral safety equipment (i.e., harnesses, belts, roll-cage, fuel cells, etc.), must undergo thorough safety inspection and testing on a daily basis by qualified experienced personnel.

    Safety bulletins

    Industry-Wide Labor-Management Safety Committee provides the following safety bulletins related to vehicle use:

    3Guidelines Regarding the Use of Helicopters in Motion Picture Productions
    3AHelicopter External Loads
    8Guidelines for Traditional Camera Cars
    8AProcess Trailer/Towed Vehicle
    8BCamera Boom Vehicles
    8CPower Line Distance Requirements
    11Guidelines Regarding the Use of Fixed-Wing Aircraft in Motion Picture Productions
    11AExternal Load Guidelines
    15Guidelines for Boating/Watercraft Safety for Film Crews
    20Guidelines for the Safe Use of Motorcycles
    28Guidelines for Railroad Safety
    29Guidelines for Safe Use of Hot Air Balloons
    29AExternal Load Guidelines
    36Recommended Guidelines for Safely Working Around Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) a.k.a Drones
    36AFederal Aviation Administration (FAA) Rules & Regulations
    37Vehicle Restraint Systems – Seat Belts & Harnesses
    40Guidelines for Non-Camera Utility Vehicles
    42Guidelines for Alternative Driving Systems
    43Recommended Guidelines for Free Driving

    Download the relevant bulletins for your production here.

  • Hand Tools and Related Equipment

    Overview

    Film productions regularly use hand tools and related equipment during rigging, construction, set operations, lighting work, and other technical production activities. This page outlines the safety expectations governing the proper handling, storage, and use of these tools on set.

    Even commonly used tools can create serious hazards when used carelessly or without proper training. Establishing consistent safety practices helps reduce injuries, protect equipment and facilities, and reinforce professional habits related to safe and responsible production work.

    Important Guidelines

    Special care needs to be taken for the safe use of hand tools and related equipment. If you have any uncertainty about how to use a tool or piece of equipment, or are unsure whether it’s permitted, please check with the Set of Head Operations or a staff member in the Equipment Room. They will be able to advise you and provide additional training as needed.

    Use the right tool for the job. Do not use tools or equipment for which you have not been properly trained and qualified.

    Ensure that all equipment is in proper working order and that all protective guards are in place and used. Tag (“Do Not Use”) and report any damaged or malfunctioning equipment.

    Do not attempt to alter, modify, displace, or remove any existing safety equipment. Saw guards, safety switches, and other safety mechanisms are installed for your protection. 

    Always wear appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and be aware of flying debris.

  • Hazardous Materials

    Overview

    Certain production activities may involve hazardous materials such as chemicals, paints, solvents, fuels, smoke-related materials, cleaning products, batteries, or other substances that require careful handling and storage procedures. This page outlines the safety expectations governing the proper handling, storage, and use of these materials on set.

    Hazardous materials can create health, fire, environmental, and safety risks if used improperly. Clear procedures help productions identify risks early, comply with safety expectations, and maintain safer working environments for cast, crew, facilities, and locations.

    Handling & Storage

    Store all flammable liquids in approved safety containers or cabinets. Paint, chemicals, and other materials should not accumulate on stage floors, under platforms or in other work areas. You should know and follow proper handling and storage procedures for all combustible or flammable materials.

    A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) shall be obtained from the manufacturer or distributor and a copy of the MSDS must be kept on file for all chemicals and substances being used and/or stored.

    Be aware that the use of atmosphere smoke has become highly regulated and limited by a variety of regulatory agencies. Contact the Head of Production if you need assistance with guidelines and regulations.

    Ensure that there is proper ventilation and wear appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

    Environment Concerns

    All hazardous waste generated by the company, including paint, must be disposed of properly. Proper documentation and permits for the transportation and disposal of such waste is required by law.

    Be aware of hazards associated with lead paint and asbestos. If encountered, do not disturb and immediately report to your supervisor or safety representative.

    Be aware of biological hazards such as human or animal waste, mold, fungus, bacteria, body fluids, blood borne pathogens, used needles (sharps), vermin, insects and other potentially infectious materials.

    Employees shall not enter confined spaces (manholes, underground vaults, chambers, silos, etc.) until the oxygen and gas levels have been checked and confirmed to be within acceptable levels.

    Certain situations may require permits and/or licenses, for example, when the production will be using artificial smoke, large dust effects, creating excessive noise or when working around endangered plant or animal life. Please be sure to comply with all applicable statutes and/or regulations.

    Safety bulletins

    The Industry-Wide Labor-Management Safety Committee provides the following safety bulletins related to hazardous materials:

    10Guidelines Regarding the Use of Artificially Created Atmospheric Fog & Haze
    10ATechnical Awareness Sheet
    21Guidelines for Appropriate Clothing and Personal Protective Equipment
    24California OSHA Safety Requirements for Handling of Blood and Other Potentially Infectious Materials
    27Poisonous Plants
    39Safety Guidelines for Using Foam(ed) Plastics in Set and Prop Construction

    Download the relevant bulletins for your production here.

  • Falling Risks

    Overview

    Production environments often involve elevated work areas, ladders, uneven terrain, cables, platforms, low-light conditions, and other situations that can increase the risk of slips, trips, and falls. This resource outlines common falling hazards and the precautions productions are expected to take when working in these environments.

    Falls are among the most common and preventable production-related injuries. Building stronger awareness of environmental hazards and safe working practices helps productions reduce unnecessary risk while encouraging crews to approach physical safety more proactively during filming activities.

    General safeguards

    1. Use appropriate fall protection equipment whenever you are working greater than 30 inches (general use) or 6 feet (during construction) above the floor, ground, or other working area, when standard guardrails or other equivalent protection are not available.
    2. Unprotected work areas such as platforms, sets, walkways, cliffs, floor openings, shafts and rooftops (when approaching within 6 feet of the roof’s edge) require the use of approved fall protection measures. These measures include but are not limited to guardrails, barriers, safety net systems, a written Fall Protection Plan, and/or the use of personal fall arrest, fall restraint, or work positioning systems.
    3. Fall arrest equipment is always required when working in the permanent grid and truss system (perms) outside the catwalks and handrails.
    4. Do not use fall protection equipment without proper training and instruction. Only use appropriate anchorage points.
    5. Temporary stair railings and guardrails are required around elevated surfaces, pits, holes or other unprotected openings.
    6. Ensure proper lighting in such areas and post signs as necessary.

    Scaffolds

    1. Only use scaffolds with the appropriate guardrails, mid rails and toe boards.
    2. Do not remove guardrails; contact a qualified person if they need to be removed to perform special work. Report any missing guardrails at once.
    3. Do not climb across braces.

    Ladders

    1. Inspect all ladders before each use for broken or missing rungs, steps, split side rails or other defects.
    2. Never place ladders in doorways unless protected by barricades or guards.
    3. Never stand on the top two rungs of a ladder.
    4. Use only approved ladders or steps. Check the labels for compliance.
    5. Always use both hands while climbing.

    Safety bulletins

    The Industry-Wide Labor-Management Safety Committee provides the following safety bulletins related to falling risks:

    8BCamera Boom Vehicles
    22Guidelines for the Use of Scissor Lifts (Elevating Work Platforms) and Aerial Boom Lifts (Extensible Boom Platforms)
    25Camera Cranes

    Download the relevant bulletins for your production here.